Walters, Luther Essays - Cultural Anthropology, Oral Tradition

Walters, Luther ENG 161-68 Thurs. February 02, 1999 You Can Lead A Horse To Water, But You Can't Make Him Drink. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink is a proverb that relates to my educational experiences and the introduction of my sons academics. Acquainting a youngster to new things isn't easy. Instinctively, a child learns quickly from what it views of the world. This cautions me to be aware of how I display myself in front of my sons. Showing them how to drink water from a cup ensures that they will someday drink on their own. Therefore, demonstrating how to learn, study, and absorb things will help them to make confident decisions in the future. Comparatively, placing a book before a child without teaching it to read is the same as trying to force a horse to drink. It won't work! But, by guiding the horse (child) and unveiling the inherent value of the water (book), a curiosity stirs and the stubbornness surrenders. There's a patient teacher in all of us. Spend time with a child and help it to discover the Stallion within itself. Of coarse you can lead a child to school, that's easy. But can you, as an adult, guide him or her in a way that blossoms their creativeness?

Complete List of Performing Arts Colleges in New York

Complete List of Performing Arts Colleges in New York SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're hoping to attend a performing arts college in New York state or New York City, this article will get you one step closer to that goal. I have compiled a comprehensive list of the over 70 universities and conservatory programs in New York that offer performing arts degrees (Bachelor’s or higher). I have also chosen the top 3 performing arts schools in New York. How Should You Use This List? This list should be a starting point for your research into finding the right performing arts college for you. If you need assistance figuring out what college to go to, click the link to another PrepScholar article. When deciding on a performing arts college, you should consider at a minimum: Are you looking for a conservatory or a program at a four-year university with other non-art related majors? Do you want to be in a New York City or a smaller town? Do you want a large program or a smaller program? Are you interested in attending a certain type of religious college? What kind of degree do you want? BA, BM or BFA? MA or MFA? How much money do you want to spend on your degree? Can you get financial aid at the school? In this article, I list every school in alphabetical order. Each school offers different performing arts degrees and different curricula for the same type of degree, so I encourage you to click on the links to each school to figure out if their program is right for you. List of Performing Arts School in New York in Alphabetical Order American Academy of Dramatic Arts: New York, NY Adelphi University: Garden City, NY Bard College: Annandale-on-Hudson, New York Barnard College: New York, NY Canisius College: Buffalo, NY City University of New York-Baruch College: New York, NY City University of New York-Brooklyn College: Brooklyn, NY City University of New York-City College: New York, NY City University of New York-College of Staten Island: Staten Island, NY City University of New York-Hunter College: New York, NY City University of New York-Lehman College: Bronx, NY City University of New York-Queens College Aaron Copland School of Music: Flushing, NY City University of New York-York College: Jamaica, NY City University of New York-Graduate Center: New York, NY Colgate University: Hamilton, NY College of St. Rose: Albany, NY Columbia University: New York, NY Cornell University: Ithaca, NY Elmira College: Elmira, NY Five Towns College: Dix Hills, NY Fordham University: Bronx, NY Hamilton College: Clinton, NY Hartwick College: Oneonta, NY Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion: New York, NY Hobart and William Smith Colleges: Geneva, NY Hofstra University: Hempstead, NY Houghton College: Houghton, NY Ithaca College: Ithaca, NY Jewish Theological Seminary-H.L. Miller Cantorial School and College of Jewish Music: New York, NY The Juilliard School: New York, NY Long Island University-Brooklyn: Brooklyn, NY Long Island University-C.W. Post: Brookville, NY Manhattan School of Music: New York, NY Manhattanville College: Purchase, NY Molloy College: Rockville Centre, NY Marymount Manhattan College: New York, NY Nazareth College of Rochester: Rochester, NY The New School-Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts: New York, NY The New School-Mannes College of Music: New York, NY The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music: New York, NY New York University (NYU): New York, NY Niagara University: Outside of Niagara Falls, NY Pratt Institute: New York, NY Roberts Wesleyan College: Rochester, NY SUNY - Albany: Albany, NY SUNY - Binghamton University: Binghamton, NY SUNY - Buffalo State College: Buffalo, NY SUNY-College at Oneonta: Oneonta, NY SUNY-Fredonia: Fredonia, NY SUNY-Geneseo: Geneseo, NY SUNY-New Paltz: New Paltz, NY SUNY-Oswego: Oswego, NY SUNY-Plattsburgh: Plattsburgh, NY SUNY-Potsdam Crane School of Music: Potsdam, NY SUNY-Purchase: Purchase, NY SUNY-Stony Brook: Stony Brook, NY SUNY-University at Buffalo: Buffalo, NY Sarah Lawrence College: Yonkers, NY Skidmore College: Saratoga Springs, NY St. Bonaventure University: St. Bonaventure, NY St. Lawrence College: Canton, NY Syracuse University: Syracuse, NY University of Rochester Eastman School of Music: Rochester, NY Vassar College: Poughkeepsie, NY Wagner College: Staten Island, NY Wells College: Aurora, NY Yeshiva University Belz School of Jewish Music: New York, NY Top 3 Performing Arts Colleges in New York The Juilliard School Location: New York, NYTuition for Academic Year: $47,370Degrees offered: Bachelor of Fine Arts Dance Drama Bachelor of Music or Undergraduate Diploma Bass Trombone Bassoon Cello Clarinet Composition Double Bass Flute Guitar Harp Horn Jazz Studies Oboe Organ Percussion Piano Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Voice Master of Fine Arts Drama Master of Music or Graduate Diploma Bass Trombone Bassoon Cello Clarinet Collaborative Piano Composition Conducting Double Bass Flute Guitar Harp Historical Performance Horn Jazz Studies Oboe Organ Percussion Piano Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Voice Artistic Diploma Jazz Studies Opera Studies Performance Playwriting String Quartet Studies Doctor of Musical Arts Bass Trombone Bassoon Cello Clarinet Collaborative Piano Composition Double Bass Flute Harp Historical Performance Horn Oboe Organ Percussion Piano Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Voice Overview: Undoubtedly considered one of the best, if not the best, performing arts school in the country, recognized by entertainment magazines such as The Hollywood Reporter for the drama and music programs and Onstage blog for the dance program. Conservatory-style education in New York City, one of the art centers of the world. Very small class sizes with only around 500 undergraduate students, lots of personal attention. Extremely competitive admission process that includes an audition; Julliard only admits about 6.5% of applicants. The school's alumni have a long list of accomplishments including "more than 105 Grammy Awards, 62 Tony Awards, 47 Emmy Awards, 26 Bessie Awards, 24 Academy Awards, 16 Pulitzer Prizes, and 12 National Medals for the Arts." New York University Location: New York, NYTuition for Academic Year: $49,962 to $54,352Degrees offered: Bachelor of Arts Performance Studies Bachelor of Fine Arts Acting Collaborative Arts Dance Performing Arts Administration Recorded Music Theater Studies Bachelor of Music Instrumental Performance Brass Studies Jazz Studies Percussion Studies Piano Studies String Studies Woodwind Studies Music Business Music Education Music Technology Music Theory and Composition Screen Scoring Songwriting Music Therapy Vocal Performance Classical Voice Musical Theatre Vocal Pedagogy Master of Arts Dance Education Music Business Performance Studies Master of Fine Arts Acting Dance Master of Music Brass Studies Music Education Music Technology Music Theory and Composition Concert Composition Screen Scoring Screenwriting Music Theory and Composition Scoring for Film and Multimedia Songwriting Piano Performance Vocal Performance: Classical Voice Piano Performance Vocal Performance: Classical Voice PhD Brass Studies Music Education Music Performance and Composition Concert Composition Screen Scoring Performance Studies Overview: Consistently ranked in the top 5 drama schools in the country, according to The Hollywood Reporter, as well as the top music schools in the world. Conservatory-style training, but at a four-year university, providing you with a small artistic community as well as a large university experience. Located in New York City, NYU has integrated itself with New York's existing artistic community (for instance, at Tisch in the Drama Program, students attend existing New York acting studios for their specialized classes). Decently competitive admission process, with a 27% admission rate overall for NYU. Each program has a slightly lower acceptance rate, but it varies by program. Arguably has the most notable alumni of any performing arts school in the country including Elmer Bernstein, Alan Menken, Andy Samberg, Felicity Huffman, Alec Baldwin, Idina Menzel. Manhattan School of Music Location: New York, NYTuition for Academic Year: $48,280Degrees offered: Bachelor of Music Brass Collaborative Piano Composition Conducting Guitar Jazz Arts Organ Music Theatre Percussion Performance Program Viola Violin Piano Strings Harp Voice Woodwinds Bassoon Clarinet Flute Oboe Saxophone Master of Music Jazz Arts Orchestral Performance/Contemporary Performance Bassoon Cello Clarinet Double Bass Flute French Horn Harp Oboe Percussion Trombone Trumpet Tuba Viola Violin Overview: Ranked one of the top 25 music schools in the world by The Hollywood Reporter. Like the other two schools, located in New York City. 2nd best music program in the city behind Julliard, whose former campus it occupies. The smallest of the top schools with a total of 372 undergraduate students. Great facilities with over 100 practice rooms and 9 performance facilities. An incredibly long list of notable alumni including Max Roach and Harry Connick, Jr. What’s Next? Learn more about acing the SAT and ACT to help you get into a performing arts college. Check out our ultimate SAT study guide and learn how to cram for the ACT. Interested in performing arts colleges in other places? Check out our list of performing arts colleges in California! Thinking about getting a job while in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teens and learn how to find yours! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Could Have and Would Have

Could Have and Would Have Could Have and Would Have Could Have and Would Have By Maeve Maddox Rita Levin asks: Can you please explain the difference between could had/could have and would had/would have. To begin with, the combinations could had and would had are impossibilities in standard English. It was with great dismay that I found the following utterances (and many more like them) on the web: If I had been killed she would had to carry a dark burden of remorse If Greece and Greeks would had been converted to islam would Greece had the problems of debt currently? Encore could had been a masterpiece If you could had $100 GC at Amazon, which cans for Rock music would you get? The combination could have is always followed by a past participle. NOTE: This discussion is limited to the use of have and had with could and would. Here are some uses of could have and would have. Someone was capable of doing something, but out of choice or necessity, was unable to do so: I could have been a contender. If I could have seen the stage, I would have told you who was playing. Something unfortunate was a possible outcome of some act: You could have killed us all, driving like that. The speaker is being critical: You could have opened the door when you saw what I was carrying. The speaker is speculating: Why isnt he here yet? He could have been caught in traffic. How did she find out? James could have told her. Note: could can be used to express speculation without the use of have: He could be stuck in traffic. Those strange neighbors could be space aliens. The phrase would have is also followed by the past participle form of the verb. It is used in the main clause of a sentence that contains an if clause: If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake. If they had been thinking straight, they would not have gone to the party. I would have reached my destination earlier if I hadnt lost my way. Here are the incorrect examples rewritten: If I had been killed, she would have had to carry a dark burden of remorse If Greece and the Greeks had been converted to Islamwould Greece have the current problems of debt? Encore could have been a masterpiece If you could have $100 GC at Amazon Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc7 Patterns of Sentence Structure8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Norman Rockwells Paintings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Norman Rockwells Paintings - Essay Example The paper "Norman Rockwell’s Paintings" explores the artworks of Norman Rockwell. Rockwell believes that although one of the student stares outside the window as a sign of individualism, they will be attentive and focussed children. The drawing is all inspiring because it communicates idealism. The painting portrays a learning experience for students, teachers, and adult learners. The artist had an insightful observation of Russian classroom experience of school children in the 1960s (Marina Forbes. Russian education system). The artist reflects what he observed during his visit and his amusement with what he saw in the Soviet Union. This encouraged him to think about the events and inspired other students in all classes. It is also an inspiration to teachers and parents on how children can on their own stay focused.Hall believes that the painting is a portrait of the problems we daily live with and has been embraced as a civil rights’ important symbol. It acted as a re membrance when the United States Supreme Court declared the racial segregation unconstitutional. The painting has a young determined black girl who is going to school under escort. This symbolizes victory on the black race following the court verdict that it is unconstitutional for a state law to establish separate public schools for blacks and whites. This brings out Norman as a supporter of equality and tolerance. The painting shows the declaration by Norman that the federal Supreme Court stated firmly that segregation is illegal.

Energy from Municipal Solid Waste in the U.K Dissertation

Energy from Municipal Solid Waste in the U.K - Dissertation Example Based on this research energy production is an important practice for the successful running of communities, cities and countries. With the advancing use of technology and other forms of machinery the world over, the use of various forms of energy (power) to run machinery for both domestic and industrial purposes is inevitable. But one critical situation that seems to be developing very fast is the seemingly expensive cost of energy for domestic and industrial use. Studies have however showed that energy would generally be expensive when demand for the product is higher than supply can meet. This means that one important problem that the United Kingdom must be seeking to tackle if it does not want to deal with high cost of energy is to look critically at the making of the availability of energy abundant. To do this, sources of energy must be diverse and easy to come by. It is also important that the cost of production of these energies become highly economical. This is because even i f the source and supply of energy is abundant but its cost of production is high, chances are that the consumer would have to buy the energy at higher price. More to the issue of availability is the issue of environmental protection in the quest of supplying uninterrupted and affordable sources of energy. Indeed, energy sources that are produced with consequential effects on the environment are as hollow as they were not produced at all. This is because the situation creates a typical scenario of ‘robbing Peter to pay Paul’. ... Basically, such claims have only remained hypothetical with very minimal scientific researches to back them. This is a major problem that needs to be addressed because by addressing the problem, there is every indication that this is going to do a lot of good to science as a subject, mechanical engineering as a discipline and United Kingdom in general. 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives The overall aim of this research is to find out the potential of energy from municipal solid waste over other forms of energy. To do this, there is the need for setting specific objectives. This is because specific objectives are minor goals that need to be achieved before the overall aim can be said to be achieved. Below are the specific objectives that need to be achieved for the overall research aim to be achieved: 1. To critically scrutinise the position of the United Kingdom in tapping the potentials in energy from municipal solid waste by the use of PESTLE analysis 2. To find out how PESTLE analys is on municipal solid waste energy management in the United Kingdom favours of disfavours the country’s potential to maximise the use of energy from municipal solid waste 3. To outline the various solid waste management options available to the United Kingdom as a nation 4. To bring out the waste legislation in the United Kingdom that controls municipal solid waste management and handling 5. To relate the legislation discussed above to how they impede or promote the fulfilment of energy generation from municipal solid waste 6. To establish the environmental impact of energy recovery from municipal solid waste 7. To design a model solid waste energy extraction plant for use at medium scale level 1.4 Significance of the Study The specific objectives outlined

Improving Health and Wellness in Students Essay Example for Free

Improving Health and Wellness in Students Essay Rising consumerism is a problem that has a profound effect on children today.   Children and adults watch television and are inundated with commercials that urge viewers to buy the latest technological gadgets that replace outdoor activities and exercise.   As well, the latest candy, ice cream, and other unhealthy products are cast in between cartoons that capture children’s attentions and their parents are pressured to please their children and buy them material objects to satisfy them rather than engaging them in healthy activities and studying much of the time. Many parents are working and have little time to spend with their kids, sitting in front of the television together or encouraging kids to quietly play with their gadgets (play stations, computers, and others), so parents can relax may become the norm.   To make up for this lack of involvement many parents guiltily give in to children’s whims and buy them candy and unhealthy food, to save time â€Å"fast-food† replaces a healthy dinner and that much needed time at the dinner table to interact and be involved in their childrens lives. An efficient school program would not only target the youth, but their parents, as well then.   â€Å"Operation Pause the PlayStation† will be aimed at educating parents and children separately on issues involving obesity and other unhealthy behaviors.   It is probable that parents of children, who are not obese, will be less receptive and unlikely to come to these after-school classes. But, it is postulated this involvement program will be less receptive if it were labeled as a program for troubled kids.   Therefore this program will have the contingency that children will not be able to pass to the next grade level unless parents attend (this is fitting as the program should be implemented at the end of the school year before children have summer break and may be more sedentary and involved in unhealthy activities without the benefit of healthy school lunches and physical education). Therefore, parents and children should attend at least three classes that tackle these problems.   Class one should tackle the â€Å"McDonaldization of Society† and demonstrate that busy working families do not mean to do their children harm when settling for fast food, but that fast food is unhealthy and can lead to obesity and/or unhealthy learned behaviors that will follow children into adulthood. â€Å"Giving in† to children and buying them unhealthy food to fill the void that is left from lack of quality time, should also be addressed.   Most importantly, the lack of parental involvement in school activities due to rushed lifestyles should be addressed.   This class will be a sort of forum, as well, not meant to single out any parent, but an opportunity for parents facing the same kinds of strain to network with one another and see that they can be part of a healthy solution. Class two should encompass the overuse of technical gadgets (including television) that interfere with healthy activity.   Teachers of these classes that can be taken from high school level health classes and may choose films or other forms of media that deal with these issues to show that, in a sense, these parents and their families are â€Å"victims† of consumerism. Outside of class, more and more children are watching more and more TV, to the point that they are watching approximately 40,000 TV commercials annually. (The CEO of Prism Communication notes, â€Å"They aren’t children as much as what I like to call ‘evolving consumers’† (Heiner, 2006). Deconstructing these facts that lead to sedentary and possibly unhealthy behaviors in children from a larger, systemic base will, also, help parents to realize that they are not being singled out, but instead part of a consumer culture that demands this type of behavior. While the parents are involved in the first two classes, high school level physical education and health teachers should teach the children about food pyramid and what different foods do to help the body grow and be strong.   They should, also, focus on different exercise techniques that are fun and help to keep children in shape.   The two courses should help children to begin to think beyond McDonald’s and PlayStation and the children will take what they learn and teach their parents. This is what class three should be revolving around, a fun and light-hearted end to the requirement.   Here students will tech their parents what they have learned as far as healthy eating and a better overall lifestyle.   The parents will, most likely, appreciate that their children are making an effort to improve their lifestyles and will continue where the classes left off.   Additionally, there should be representatives from various summer camps and programs that are inexpensive , so that even children in poverty could attend.   The YMCA, Boys and Girls Club, and other organizations should promote what they have to offer at this time and, hopefully the summer will serve as a break from studies, but a beginning to more healthy behavior. In conclusion, problems with obesity and unhealthy behavior are systemic.   We live in a consumer culture that causes both the old and young to sometimes believe that having â€Å"things† is essential.   Hurried lifestyles, as well, from long work hours, and especially in single-parent households may lead to turning to â€Å"fast food† and a lesser interest in school activities.   Competing with friends to have the most up-to-date technology may lead to parents having pressure put on them to provide these unnecessary gadgets and relaxing may start to take the form of television watching or other technological time.   These problems are not unique to any one group, but all parents and all children are at risk.   â€Å"Operation Pause the Playstation†, should help change attitudes on this. References Heiner, R. (2006).   Social Problems: An Introduction to Critical Constructionism.   New York: Oxford University Press. Insidehighered.com.   Advanced Placement Still Ascending.   (2007). Retrieved February 18, 2007 from       http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/02/07/ap.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leone, Peter Drakeford, William.   Alternative Education: From a Last Chance to a Proactive Mode. (1999).   Reprinted with permission of The Clearing House: Volume 3, Number 2, November/December 1999: The Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th St. N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-1802. Copyright 19.   Retrieved February 18, 2007 from http://www.edjj.org/Publications/pub_06_13_00_1.html. Payne, R.   (1996).   A Framework for Understanding Poverty.   p. 59.   Highlands: aha! Process, Inc.

Voltaires Candide Essay -- Voltaire Candide Essays

Voltaire's Candide Throughout the novel, Candide, Voltaire repeatedly exploits the nature of humans to consider other's situations and lifestyles to be better than that of their own. Voltaire uses Candide's journeys to portray the human assumption that the grass is always greener on the other side. This theme is shown in Candide's strife for companionship, his experience with wealth, and his interaction with other characters. The situations that develop the theme do so in such a way that the reader is able to understand and relate to the aspirations of Candide. The first element used to convey the fact that Candide looks at others situations sees what he would like to have is in his journey to find the ideal companion. Throughout his adventures, Candide comes upon many different men with many different companionship situations. For example, during Candide's time with Count Pococurant, Voltaire indicates to the reader that Candide is impressed with the count's two women. (118) The amazement and awe by Candide is answered with an explanation from Count Pococurant that shows that he is happy with them, but is becoming tired of their presence. (118) Voltaire strongly appeals to the reader with this scene because mankind places male/female companionship as a top priority of life. Psychologists have classified human companionship as one of the most essential sociological needs of mankind. This is confusing to Candide's because Count Pococurant is unsatisfie...

Cheif Sharitarish of the Great Pawnees

Danielle DuBroc Blake Ellis History 1301 09/22/12 Chief Sharitarish on Changes in Indian Life (Pg. 188) Chief Sharitarish, the principle chieftain of the once Great Pawnees who are a tribe that mainly hunted on the Great Plains, decided to pay a visit to the new president of the time, James Monroe. Impressed by the colonist’s ability to create beautiful buildings and large vessels, Chief Sharitarish praises them for their innovations for these creations are far from his own comprehension.He thanks them for allowing him and his tribe â€Å"protection† but he mislead and directed his praise to a greater, more important being, the Great Spirit. Sharitarish praised and thanked the men, but he didn’t mean to thank them more than the Maker of Life. Here, Sharitarish begins to reveal his true objective; He wants to get the colonial men off their land and he desires peace. He believes that the Great Spirit intended them to have their differences and to live differently a s well. As Native Americans, Sharitarish feels that his people were meant to roam the lands, hunt, and take scalps.He quietly suggests removal of the colonists, but he knows they will not move, so he proposes that the colonists stay off their land and in return Sharitarish will continue to trade fur with the colonists. Basically, Sharitarish makes an attempt to cooexist with the colonists. He does not intend for war or to physically fight the Americans, but he does want to preserve the land for his people, his children, and his culture. So the chieftain makes a compromise in order to try and obtain the land from the white man, while keeping the relations with the colonists relatively peaceful.

Sociological Theories About The Modern Family

â€Å"The family is the most important institution in society. † This statement is repeated in almost every sociology text in some form or another. However, current trends suggest that there may be some inaccuracies in this claim. Family is indeed important and necessary. It can even be defined as very important, but its relationship to the term institutional may be problematic. The conflict is inherent in the definition of family based of the functionalists and the conflict theorists. Functionalist TheoryThis conservative, macro-level perspective emphasizes the role of family as a social institution that contributes to social stability. Carroll (2012) explains that the violence and terror of the French Revolution and the mass violence resulting from the desperate circumstances of the workers during the Industrial Revolution led to fears of the consequences of a crumbling social order. Out of this fear grew conservative intellectual writings that examined social bonds, rules, and socialization practices that enable society to maintain a sense of stability that benefits all members of society.Functional theorists warn of dire consequences if a strong society and effective socialization practices are not maintained. Carroll explains that Émile Durkheim, the French scholar who first presented this theory, suggested that society had a moral authority to â€Å"limit individual aspirations† in order to maintain norms and values and to limit social change in order to prevent social upheaval. Within this theory, family is seen as the institution that is responsible for socializing children, regulating sexual activity and reproduction, and provides its members with a social identity (Carroll, 2012).Conflict Theory This macro-level perspective focuses on the negative outcomes of societal norms, such as social inequality, and seeks to address and redress the aspects of society that perpetuate these undesirable norms. Carroll (2012) explains that this the ory grew out of the works of Marx and Engels who believed that revolution was a necessary step for transforming a capitalist social order that enslaved the working class (the proletariat) to the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and perpetuates poverty and misery for the enslaved.The primary conflict according to Marx and Engels is based on perpetuating social norms within a class system that benefits one class over another. Conflict theorists examine how the family unit is also an institution that perpetuates inequality, by reinforcing patriarchy, between members of the family and seeks to find solutions to reduce or eliminate these innate inequalities. Feminist theory, in particular, evaluates how gender inequality is perpetuated within the family as children are socialized to fulfil future social, political, and economic roles (Carroll, 2012).Symbolic-Internationalist Theory A micro-perspective paradigm examines the meanings, interpretations, and understandings of the interactions o f individuals within a society. While this type of theory does not contribute to evaluating and solving social issues such as poverty, racism, sexism, or social change, it does allow a context for understanding the nature of institutions, such as the family, within the macro-perspective theories. Social order is transmitted through symbols— roles, behaviours, and other social constructions— that are integrated as a result of social interactions (Carroll, 2012).Although this is a micro-theoretical paradigm, understanding the interactions, communication, symbols, and expectations could contribute to alleviating the clash between the two macro-level theories. Understanding what works and what does not work permits opportunities to change or delete the aspects of family or family dynamics that contributes to inequality, without dismantling the entire institution and causing complete social upheaval.The Changing Nature of Family O'Neill (2002) evaluates the â€Å"fatherles s family† and provides ample statistics to show that the breakdown of the traditional family of father,  mother, and offspring— due to increasing divorce and out-of-wedlock reproduction— is correlated with poverty, emotional, psychological, and heath problems, and interaction problems with children for lone mothers; health issues or increased engagement in high risk behaviours for non-resident fathers; poverty, deprivation, school troubles, more health problems, and increased risk of abuse for children who do not live with their biological fathers. Her conclusion that these issues are the result of the breakdown of the family is an example of functionalist theory.She suggests that the outcomes are the result of the social breakdown of a vital social institution. A conflict theorist would more than likely suggest a different reason for the observed dysfunctions outlined by O'Neill (2002). The symbolic-internationalist would provide very specific context of the n ature of the interactions within the families described by O'Neill and may find that the dysfunctions are not the result of resistance to socialized norms, but in fact due to conformity.The â€Å"fatherless† family is led by a mother, and she is likely to be subject to societal norms that diminish her ability to earn as much as her male counterparts (increased poverty— which contributes to greater stress, diminished health, deprivation, etc. ). The functionalist would argue that the distressing results found in these families are also necessary outcomes, as society must not reward those who seek to disrupt the social order.This functionalist attitude is very evident in current American political discourse as a number of far right-wing conservative politicians are introducing and passing legislation that reflects their fundamentalist Christian ideals in which patriarchal values that limit the â€Å"individual aspirations† of women to control their own reproductio n. The traditional family consists of a bread-winning father and a home-making mother, an ideal that is held sacrosanct by this group of legislators.The conflict theorist, by contrast, seeks to discover the constructs in society and within the family that cause the inequalities, rather than to blame the inequalities on those who are trapped by them for not conforming to the functionalist ideals. Families are continuing to evolve— at least the definition is— in that there is increasing acceptance— both social and legal— for families in which the primary adults are a same-sex couple, either with or without offspring.The battle of ideologies still rages on in the United States, although an increasing number of states  have extended legal status to families of this type. In Canada, the Civil Marriage Act was passed in 2005 and after a brief re-vote in 2007— which defeated the Conservative motion to restore the traditional definition of marriageâ€⠀ marriage equality became a non-issue (politically) when the prime minister announced his government would not bring it up again (Makarenko, 2007). Family as a Societal Institution The family serves a functional purpose in society in that it provides the environment for producing, nurturing, and socializing the next generation.However, the nature of family has changed significantly and some of the new styles of families— single parent families, cohabiting unions, same-sex intimate partnerships, egalitarian marriages, and blended families— contradict the societal norms representative in a traditional patriarchal family. Cherlin (2004) explains that the â€Å"weakening of social norms that define partners' behaviour† has deinstitutionalized marriage. The political and religious backlash is indicative of the conservative functionalist view of social stability being reliant upon maintaining the status quo. In fact, these conservatives are holding many of societies ills (e.g. , increased crime, debilitating poverty, sexual promiscuity, etc. ) as evidence that society is breaking down and traditional norms must be re-established in order to preserve order.The conflict theorists would argue that social norms are, in fact, the source of the dysfunctions in society. The solution is somewhere in between. The social norms that define family as an institution are likely problematic. The aspects of family that support and nurture intimate partners and children are vital to our continued well-being. In fact research suggests that the â€Å"symbolic significance† of marriage is still valued by individuals (Cherlin 2004).Family as a refuge, a safe place to grow, learn, and achieve, is an ideal that inspires us, but family as a tool of the state to perpetuate inequity is what makes it an institution. The functionalists are correct, the institutions are failing, but a new family paradigm is emerging. Family is more about the relationships and what members of families can do for each other, rather than what the unit can do for the state. Burgess and Locke (1945) argued that the family is moving away from â€Å"institution† and moving toward â€Å"companionship†. Perhaps it is time to let go of the functionalist  definition and embrace the research of the social internationalists â€Å"to understand the other person's symbols and meanings†¦ [and] approach common ground† (Hammond, 2009).Inglehart and Baker (2000) found evidence in their World Values Surveys— that included 65 societies that represented 75 percent of the world's population— that religious and traditional values continue to leave an imprint upon cultures but economic development is â€Å"associated with shifts away from absolute norms and values toward values that are increasingly rational, tolerant, trusting, and participatory.†Conclusion The modern definition of family is much too diverse to fit the functionalists' traditional paradigm as an institution designed to perpetuate social norms in order to maintain social stability. Some modern families are examples of contradictory norms and are held up as examples by conservatives as the very reason society is on the brink of chaos. However, it is unlikely that society is in fact in danger of a complete breakdown. The new families are actually indicative of a society that is moving into a new paradigm where diversity is embraced.Family is still valued and supported, but not as an institution that perpetuates social norms, but as a function that supports individual growth and security. The nature of this societal grouping is one of affection and security for all its members and as such will remain important and as long as families— of all types— are supported and sustained by society and by its members, the larger community will also benefit with the same stable society that the functionalists so adamantly wish to preserve. Sociological Theories About The Modern Family â€Å"The family is the most important institution in society. † This statement is repeated in almost every sociology text in some form or another. However, current trends suggest that there may be some inaccuracies in this claim. Family is indeed important and necessary. It can even be defined as very important, but its relationship to the term institutional may be problematic. The conflict is inherent in the definition of family based of the functionalists and the conflict theorists.Functionalist TheoryThis conservative, macro-level perspective emphasizes the role of family as a social institution that contributes to social stability. Carroll (2012) explains that the violence and terror of the French Revolution and the mass violence resulting from the desperate circumstances of the workers during the Industrial Revolution led to fears of the consequences of a crumbling social order. Out of this fear grew conservative intellectual writings that examined social bonds, rules, a nd socialization practices that enable society to maintain a sense of stability that benefits all members of society.Functional theorists warn of dire consequences if a strong society and effective socialization practices are not maintained. Carroll explains that Emile Durkheim, the French scholar who first presented this theory, suggested that society had a moral authority to â€Å"limit individual aspirations† in order to maintain norms and values and to limit social change in order to prevent social upheaval. Within this theory, family is seen as the institution that is responsible for socializing children, regulating sexual activity and reproduction, and provides its members with a social identity (Carroll, 2012).Conflict TheoryThis macro-level perspective focuses on the negative outcomes of societal norms, such as social inequality, and seeks to address and redress the aspects of society that perpetuate these undesirable norms. Carroll (2012) explains that this theory gr ew out of the works of Marx and Engels who believed that revolution was a necessary step for transforming a capitalist social order that enslaved the working class (the proletariat) to the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and perpetuates poverty and misery for the enslaved.The primary conflict according to Marx and Engels is based on perpetuating social norms within a class system that benefits one class over another. Conflict theorists examine how the family unit is also an institution that perpetuates inequality, by reinforcing patriarchy, between members of the family and seeks to find solutions to reduce or eliminate these innate inequalities. Feminist theory, in particular, evaluates how gender inequality is perpetuated within the family as children are socialized to fulfil future social, political, and economic roles (Carroll, 2012).Symbolic-Internationalist TheoryA micro-perspective paradigm examines the meanings, interpretations, and understandings of the interactions of indiv iduals within a society. While this type of theory does not contribute to evaluating and solving social issues such as poverty, racism, sexism, or social change, it does allow a context for understanding the nature of institutions, such as the family, within the macro-perspective theories. Social order is transmitted through symbols— roles, behaviours, and other social constructions— that are integrated as a result of social interactions (Carroll, 2012).Although this is a micro-theoretical paradigm, understanding the interactions, communication, symbols, and expectations could contribute to alleviating the clash between the two macro-level theories. Understanding what works and what does not work permits opportunities to change or delete the aspects of family or family dynamics that contributes to inequality, without dismantling the entire institution and causing complete social upheaval.The Changing Nature of Family O'Neill (2002) evaluates the â€Å"fatherless famil y† and provides ample statistics to show that the breakdown of the traditional family of father,  mother, and offspring— due to increasing divorce and out-of-wedlock reproduction— is correlated with poverty, emotional, psychological, and heath problems, and interaction problems with children for lone mothers; health issues or increased engagement in high risk behaviours for non-resident fathers; poverty, deprivation, school troubles, more health problems, and increased risk of abuse for children who do not live with their biological fathers. Her conclusion that these issues are the result of the breakdown of the family is an example of functionalist theory.She suggests that the outcomes are the result of the social breakdown of a vital social institution. A conflict theorist would more than likely suggest a different reason for the observed dysfunctions outlined by O'Neill (2002). The symbolic-internationalist would provide very specific context of the nature o f the interactions within the families described by O'Neill and may find that the dysfunctions are not the result of resistance to socialized norms, but in fact due to conformity.The â€Å"fatherless† family is led by a mother, and she is likely to be subject to societal norms that diminish her ability to earn as much as her male counterparts (increased poverty— which contributes to greater stress, diminished health, deprivation, etc. ). The functionalist would argue that the distressing results found in these families are also necessary outcomes, as society must not reward those who seek to disrupt the social order.This functionalist attitude is very evident in current American political discourse as a number of far right-wing conservative politicians are introducing and passing legislation that reflects their fundamentalist Christian ideals in which patriarchal values that limit the â€Å"individual aspirations† of women to control their own reproduction. The traditional family consists of a bread-winning father and a home-making mother, an ideal that is held sacrosanct by this group of legislators.The conflict theorist, by contrast, seeks to discover the constructs in society and within the family that cause the inequalities, rather than to blame the inequalities on those who are trapped by them for not conforming to the functionalist ideals. Families are continuing to evolve— at least the definition is— in that there is increasing acceptance— both social and legal— for families in which the primary adults are a same-sex couple, either with or without offspring.The battle of ideologies still rages on in the United States, although an increasing number of states  have extended legal status to families of this type. In Canada, the Civil Marriage Act was passed in 2005 and after a brief re-vote in 2007— which defeated the Conservative motion to restore the traditional definition of marriage— marr iage equality became a non-issue (politically) when the prime minister announced his government would not bring it up again (Makarenko, 2007). Family as a Societal Institution The family serves a functional purpose in society in that it provides the environment for producing, nurturing, and socializing the next generation.However, the nature of family has changed significantly and some of the new styles of families— single parent families, cohabiting unions, same-sex intimate partnerships, egalitarian marriages, and blended families— contradict the societal norms representative in a traditional patriarchal family. Cherlin (2004) explains that the â€Å"weakening of social norms that define partners' behaviour† has deinstitutionalized marriage. The political and religious backlash is indicative of the conservative functionalist view of social stability being reliant upon maintaining the status quo.In fact, these conservatives are holding many of societies ills (e .  g. , increased crime, debilitating poverty, sexual promiscuity, etc. ) as evidence that society is breaking down and traditional norms must be re-established in order to preserve order. The conflict theorists would argue that social norms are, in fact, the source of the dysfunctions in society. The solution is somewhere in between. The social norms that define family as an institution are likely problematic. The aspects of family that support and nurture intimate partners and children are vital to our continued well-being. In fact research suggests that the â€Å"symbolic significance† of marriage is still valued by individuals (Cherlin 2004).Family as a refuge, a safe place to grow, learn, and achieve, is an ideal that inspires us, but family as a tool of the state to perpetuate inequity is what makes it an institution. The functionalists are correct, the institutions are failing, but a new family paradigm is emerging. Family is more about the relationships and what mem bers of families can do for each other, rather than what the unit can do for the state. Burgess and Locke (1945) argued that the family is moving away from â€Å"institution† and moving toward â€Å"companionship†.Perhaps it is time to let go of the functionalist  definition and embrace the research of the social internationalists â€Å"to understand the other person's symbols and meanings†¦ [and] approach common ground† (Hammond, 2009). Inglehart and Baker (2000) found evidence in their World Values Surveys— that included 65 societies that represented 75 percent of the world's population— that religious and traditional values continue to leave an imprint upon cultures but economic development is â€Å"associated with shifts away from absolute norms and values toward values that are increasingly rational, tolerant, trusting, and participatory.†ConclusionThe modern definition of family is much too diverse to fit the functionalists' tra ditional paradigm as an institution designed to perpetuate social norms in order to maintain social stability. Some modern families are examples of contradictory norms and are held up as examples by conservatives as the very reason society is on the brink of chaos. However, it is unlikely that society is in fact in danger of a complete breakdown. The new families are actually indicative of a society that is moving into a new paradigm where diversity is embraced.Family is still valued and supported, but not as an institution that perpetuates social norms, but as a function that supports individual growth and security. The nature of this societal grouping is one of affection and security for all its members and as such will remain important and as long as families— of all types— are supported and sustained by society and by its members, the larger community will also benefit with the same stable society that the functionalists so adamantly wish to preserve.

Description and History of AK-47 Assault Rifle

Description and History of AK-47 Assault Rifle AK-47 Specifications Cartridge: 7.62 x 39mmCapacity: 10-75 rounds depending on magazine usedMuzzle Velocity: 2,346 ft./sec.Effective Range: 330-440 yds.Weight: approx. 9.5 lbs.Length: 34.3 in.Barrel Length: 16.3 in.Sights: Adjustable iron sights,Action: Gas-operated, rotating boltNumber Built: approx. 75 million, 100 million AK-47-style weapons Development The evolution of the modern assault rifle began during World War II with the German development of the Sturmgewehr 44 (StG44). Entering service in 1944, the StG44 provided German soldiers with the firepower of a submachine gun, but with better range and accuracy. Encountering the StG44 on the Eastern Front, Soviet forces began looking for a similar weapon. Utilizing the 7.62 x 39mm M1943 cartridge, Alexey Sudayev designed the AS-44 assault rifle. Tested in 1944, it was found to be too heavy for widespread use. With the failure of this design, the Red Army temporarily halted its search for an assault rifle. In 1946, it returned to the issue and opened a new design competition. Among those who entered was Mikhail Kalashnikov. Wounded at the 1941 Battle of Bryansk, he had begun designing weapons during the war and had previously entered a design for a semi-automatic carbine. Though he lost this competition to Sergei Simonovs SKS, he pushed forward with an assault weapon design that drew inspiration from the StG44 and the American M1 Garand. Intended to be a reliable and rugged weapon, Kalashnikovs design (AK-1 AK-2) sufficiently impressed the judges to advance to the second round. Encouraged by his assistant, Aleksandr Zaytsev, Kalashnikov tinkered with the design to increase reliability across a wider range of conditions. These alterations advanced his 1947 model to the front of the pack. Testing progressed over the next two years with the Kalashnikov design winning the competition. As a result of this success, it moved to production under the designation AK-47. AK-47 Design A gas-operated weapon, the AK-47 utilizes a breech-block mechanism similar to Kalashnikovs failed carbine. Employing a curved 30-round magazine, the design is visually similar to the earlier StG44. Created for use in the severe climates of the Soviet Union, the AK-47 possesses relatively loose tolerances and is able to function even if its components are fouled by debris. Though this element of its design enhances reliability, the looser tolerances decrease the weapons accuracy. Capable of both semi- and fully-automatic fire, the AK-47 is aimed with adjustable iron sights. To enhance the AK-47s lifespan, the bore, chamber, gas piston, and the interior of the gas cylinder are chromium-plated to prevent corrosion. The AK-47s receiver was initially made from stamped sheet metal (Type 1), but these caused difficulties in assembling the rifles. As a result, the receiver was switched to one made from machined steel (Types 2 3). This issue was finally resolved in the late 1950s when a new stamped sheet metal receiver was introduced. This model, dubbed the AK-47 Type 4 or AKM, entered service in 1959 and became the definitive model of the weapon. Operational History Initially used by the Red Army, the AK-47 and its variants were exported widely to other Warsaw Pact nations during the Cold War. Due to its relatively simple design and compact size, the AK-47 became the favored weapon of many of the worlds militaries. Easy to produce, it was built under license in many nations as well as served as the basis for numerous derivative weapons such as the Finnish Rk 62, Israeli Galil, and Chinese Norinco Type 86S. Though the Red Army elected to move to the AK-74 during the 1970s, the AK-47 family of weapons remains in widespread military use with other nations. In addition to professional militaries, the AK-47 has been utilized by a variety of resistance and revolutionary groups including the Viet Cong, Sandinistas, and Afghani mujahedeen. As the weapon is easy to learn, operate, and repair, it has proven an effective tool for non-professional soldiers and militia groups. During the Vietnam War, American forces were initially stunned by the volume of fire that AK-47-equipped Viet Cong forces were able to bring to against them. As one of the most common and reliable assault rifles in the world, the AK-47 has also been utilized by organized crime and terrorist organizations. During the course of its production, over 75 million AK-47s and licensed variants have been built. Selected Sources Wired: The AK-47, An All-Purpose KillerMilitary Factory: AK-47

Changes

Historians and cultural critics trace the post-modernist hip hop movement which pioneered sampling and graffiti art to the sasss, New York, a movement rooted in the black nationalism of the black panthers post civil rights movement (Price, 2006). Hip Hop has become a dominant global youth culture with music, art, fashion, films and Outpace an Icon within this culture a Black Elvis. Hip Hop has many different sub genres such as conscious, gangs, party rap and with emcees in the different genres according to their subject matter.The paper will explore Changes a conscious rap Eng that was recorded by Outpace in 1 992, at a time when African Americans were affected by the beating of Rodney King by Police Officers, which led to the Los Angels Riots of 1992 (Johnson, 2009). The environment was politically charged and conducive for a song chronicling that moment in history. What is interesting is that the song was posthumously released in 1998 on Tubas Greatest Hits album, two years after Outpace died of gunshots wounds on the 13th of September 1996 (Scott, 1997). Outpace Shakers music Is characterized by hard hitting hip hop beats sampled room different music genres and lyrics that criticize, the capitalist system that divides America into the haves and have-nots. The collective identity in Tubas music is identified In the struggle of the lower classes to find political, economic, social discourse In a capitalist society by chronicling from the perspective of a young black male growing up in post civil rights America.His work vocalizes the thoughts of the masses trapped within a modern slavery system (poverty and discrimination). The writers credited on the album sleeve are Shaker, T. , Evans, D. , Horns, B. ; Changes ample the beat and part of the chorus from Bruce Harmonys The way It is(1986) and appropriated It Into a Hip Hop political anthem. This part of the paper will delve into the psyche of the artist and explore the lyrics of Changes. ANALYZING OUTPACE When did I ever say I was a gangs rapper? Is Frank Sinatra a gangs singer?Is Steve Seal a gangs actor? What is that? Thats such a limited term. Maroon Brandon is not a gangs actor, hes an actor. Axle Rose and them are not gangs rock and rollers, thieve rock and rollers. So Im a rapper, this is what I do. Im an artist. And I AP about the oppressed taking back their place. I rap about fighting back. To me, my lyrics and my verses are about struggling and overcoming, you know (Shaker, 2003) Left: OPAC. 1996. All Eyes On Me (outpace. Com) Right: OPAC. 1995. Me against the World (outpace. Mom) Outpace Shakers controversial image drowned his work; the media at the time concentrated on what he did off record and forget that he was a brilliant rapper, lyricist and actor. He did cultivate the gangster image with Thug Life tattered across his abdomen and his persona as seen on the album cover of All eyes on me (1996) Is that of a gangs, The persona Is evident on him with the words Outlaw tattered on his lower arm, a panthers head on his upper arm with a miscreant intensity and 1 OFF on music videos, further reiterates that he is a gangs rapper.However on the cover of an earlier album Me against the world(1995) another side of the rapper is seen, with his back against a wall, he stares at the camera like a deer caught between two headlights. In interviews and talk shows when he takes off his mask, an intelligent, misunderstood, creative young man who wants to change the world with his music merges. Tyson (2002) in his explanation of Tubas dua l persona mentioned something very interesting that Tubas mother Affine was impregnated by one of two possible candidates, a revolutionary black panther by the name of Billy Garland and Legs a drug dealer.On the song Dear Mama he writes They say Im wrong and Im heartless, but all along I was looking for a father he was gone (1995) these lyrics give the assumption that he might have looked for a father within himself and thus created twin personae founded on the character of the two people he thought could e his father. Outpace created binary oppositions as creative mechanisms, the socially constructive poet vs.. The destructive street thug and he could write as well as speak from both alter egos.His conscious rapper ego tackled social issues such as racism, violence, drug abuse whilst his gangster rapper ego talked about selling drugs, perpetrating violence and called women derogatory names. To understand Just a little part of Tubas complex character, the following quotation by Carl Jung would give some insight. Such a man knows that whatever is wrong in the world is in myself, and if he only learns to deal with his own Shadow he has done something real for the world.He has succeeded in shouldering at least an infinitesimal part of the gigantic, unsolved social problems of our day. These problems are mostly so difficult because they are poisoned by mutual projections. How can anyone see straight when he does not even see himself and the darkness he unconsciously carries with him into all dealings? Nouns, 1938). The two images of Outpace show that instead of hiding his other self (the shadow) he consciously projected it and White toes (1997) that a misguided Outpace drew his masculine principles from Legs his father figure.Outpace Shaker was born on the 16th of June 1971; a month after his mother Affine Shaker was released from prison for her suspected part in the alleged Black Panther plot to bomb banks and department stores (White, 1997). In several songs and interviews Outpace has mentioned his birth and childhood as a miracle. l was born not to make it, but I did (Still I Rise, 1999) and on the last verse of Mama Just a Little Girl (Better Days, 2002) he philosophies You see you wouldnt ask why the rose hat grew from the concrete had damaged petals, on th e contrary, we would all celebrate its tenacity.We would all love its will to reach the sun. Well we are the roses, this is the concrete and these are my damaged petals He uses symbolic words to compare himself and his peers to that of beauty natured in an unnatural environment. This verse is a self reflective analysis of his impoverished childhood in socially depraved ghettos of America and by noting We are the roses he feels that any child that grows up in that environment and makes it however damaged they are should be celebrated.According to Goals (2007) in 1985 Outpace was enrolled at the prestigious Baltimore Schools of the Arts, where he learned how to act and he spent Outpace went through moral Juggling as a teenager, selling Drugs whilst writing poetry. His childhood experiences gave him the canon to be able to articulate social and political commentary easily identifiable with his audience. Tyson emphasis (2003) that Outpace believed in keeping it real a slang term defined on (revolutionary. Com) as try to benefit the environment and society that surrounds you a nd eventually serving humanity for the greater good.Outpace has achieved musical immortality with eight albums produced posthumously, an art center (task. Org) producing the next generation of thespians, dancers and poets and a Biopic on his life is currently in Production, written by Oscar nominated screenwriters Stephen J Revile and Chris Wilkinson (All, Nixon). In a recent Manage. Com article Revile had this to say about Outpace He was a really sensitive, very romantic talented young poet who also could sing, dance and act, but the realities [of the hip-hop record business] were that he had to create this persona of the gangster.He saw the contradiction between the musical persona of Thug Life and his essential nature as a gentle, sensitive person. And that was partly responsible for his murder. He was not a gangster, but the people around him were, and they saw he was going to leave, that they were going to lose him, and so I think they decided to kill him(Borders-Manner, 2011) CHANGES Changes portrays America from a critical non violent point of view, the view of a young black male living in the projects (Ghetto) committing crime as a survival necessity, whilst been abused by the system.Changes (Shaker, Evans Hornsby, 998) uses basic slang, repetition, melodic rhythm, the artist does not use profanity, the word Niger is used to make a racial statement not intimidate. Analysis of this song elicits reaction in the listener, a desire to become the Change that Outpace requires of his audience. Tubas ability to elicit this type of reaction can be attributed to the authority yet passionate sensitivity of his voice and the flow of his rap.The chorus uses the same melody as The Way it is with a slight change of chorus whereas the or iginal says, Some things will never change, Changes is changed to say, Things will never be the same. Elaborating that inequality will always be rooted in American society; the chorus is repeated to drum the message. The opening line to Changes l see no changes seems to be a modern reply to the original The way it is Bob Dylan The times they are changing(1964), which is considered the civil rights movement theme song.He then continues to show his frustration with his situation, which has not been changed by the I have a dream speech by DRP King Wake up in the morning and ask myself is life worth living should I blast myself, I am tired of en poor and even worse Im black, my stomach hurts so I am looking for purse to snatch, hes telling his audience that he is poor, black, hungry and faced with two choices either to kill himself or alleviate his economical situation by stealing. Cops give a damn about a negro, pull the trigger kill a Amiga hes a hero He uses the N words to emphasize how racist the police are and the reward for killing a black person. Give the crack to the kids who the hell cares, one less hungry mouth on watch me kill each other He paints an image of a big brother conspiracy of shipping rugs and guns into the Ghetto and then watching the fabric of black America dismantle with kids on crack, drug dealers killing each other, a genocidal way of easing the welfare system. Its time to fight back thats what Hue Said, 2 shots in the dark now Hues dead By mentioning Hue Newton founder of the Black Panthers, he acknowledges that Black militant mantra of fighting back the system with guns is wrong because you will be slain by a gun. Outpace then finds a socialist solution in how to beat the system and unify We can never go nowhere unless we share with each there, We goat start making changes, learn to see me as a brother instead of 2 distant strangers, thats how it is supposed to be.How can the Devil take a brother if hes close to me, Id love to go back to when we played as kids, but things changed, and thats the way it is He wants to go back to the innocents of childhood, not complicated by what Freud regards as the ID, however Outpace is resigned to the fact that even if he goes back to that moment, he cannot change Today because change will never happen. L see no changes all I see is racist faces, misplaced hate makes grace to races, We under, I wonder what it takes to make this one better place, lets erase the wasted Outpace is not talking about or to a specific race but to the people of America that racial hatred should not be tolerated but erased from society. Both Black and White is smoking crack tonight Drugs are not Just a black problem It anti a secret and dont conceal the fact the penitentiarys packed and its filled with blacks His observation is backed by Discard, Mouth and Andrews Of the 789,700 male inmates in 1992, 51 percent, or 401,700 were black and that is still a fact today.Although it seems heaven sent we anti ready, to see a black president, uh This line is prophetic in the sense that even though America now has a black President, but some quarters of society are still not ready to accept a Black President Some things will never change. Try to show another way, but you staying in the dope game. Now tells me whats a mother to do. Been real dont appeal to the brother in you.You goat operate the easy way In these lyrics hes now using Frauds structural model of the psyche, the mother is the Super Ego telling the impulsive child (the ID) hat look at another way to survive but morals do not appeal to the ID for it wants everything now and then when it gets satisfaction it shows off l made a G Today the super ego critics but you made it in a sleazy way, selling crack to the kids Finally the ego goes into defense mechanism Well hey, thats Just the way it is The third verse begins with Outpace talking instead of rapping so that everybody understands the clear message he conveys We goat make a change, Its time for us as a people to start making some changes. Lets change the way we eat, Lets change the way we live and lets change the way we treat each other. You see the old ways wasnt working so its on us to do what we goat do, to survive he is speaking to his generation, that the only way to change is complete transformation from the racial philosophies of old for the survival of the human race. Its war on the streets and war in the middle east, Instead of war on poverty they got war on drugs so the police can bother me, And I anti never did a crime I anti have to do. Outpace observes that whilst America concentrates on foreign wars in the Middle East, domestic street wars rage on. He problem poverty.

Aspect Hypothesis in Relation to Languages Essay

Aspect Hypothesis in Relation to Languages - Essay Example In addition to this, the types and sub types of aspect hypothesis will be established and for each, several examples of inherent, as well as, grammatical aspects in English and Arabic will be provided. A further explanation will be offered to clarify on why the chosen examples, in addition to, how these examples relate to each other.Considering the literal Arabic (Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™ Ã˜ µÃ˜ ­Ã™â€°, al-Fusha), the research of the findings of the research conducted by Barber indicates that the verb is constituted by two aspect tenses (532). These constituents include both the perfective as well as the imperfective. However, there are quite a number of controversial disagreements among the grammarians and, as such, they do not agree as to whether a distinction should be viewed as distinction in aspect or tense or even both. In English, what is considered as the past verb ((Ù Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€ž Ù…Ø §Ã˜ ¶Ã™Å , fi'l maadiy) is used to denote a particular verb (Ø ­Ã˜ ¯Ã˜ «, hadath), which was comple ted a long time ago or even in the near past (Barber 536). However, it indicates nothing regarding the relation of this event that took place in the past to the present status. One of the best examples to illustrate this is the phrase† he arrived† (ÙˆØ µÃ™â€ž", wasala). The phrase was a clear indication of the arrival occurring in the past (Ayres 29). However, it does not provide any sort of information regarding the present status of the person who has arrived (Altman 589). It may be that the person stayed around or he turned and left. In addition to this, the phrase does not indicate.